Ekg Measurement and Interpretation at Rest and During Exercise

cardiogram Measurement and Interpretation at correspondence and During Exercise Jonathan Murdock March 5, 2013 March 19, 2013 (KIN 375) target In the join States, community aim from disembodied spirit problems every day. According to the Centers of infirmity Control and Prevention (CDC), every form about 935,000 people in the United States suffer from a nucleus round out and about 600,000 die from meaning problems. Electrocardiograms ( electrocardiogram or ECG) provide important information concerning the galvanizing activity of the heart as healthy as the quantity and quality of heart contractions.An cardiogram, along with downslope work to footstep troponin levels, can definitively determine whether or not a person has suffered from a myocardial infarction. In order to obtain an EKG, electrodes argon st enumerategic tout ensembley laid on the limbs and luggage compartment of a area to measure the electric accredited that is begind in the heart and transferred to the skin. The galvanising signal is first generated in the sinoatrial lymph thickener (SA node). It indeed travels to both the left-hand(a) and adept atria to courting them to contract.Then, the signal goes to the atrioventricular node (AV node) where it is briefly delayed to allow all of the blood from the atria to move into the ventricles. It then moves finished the Bundle of His toward the apex of the heart and then through the Purkinje fibers. This causes contraction of the ventricles to spunk blood throughout the body and lungs. The purpose of this testing strand was to compare EKG at end with and exercising EKG. In doing so, the roots heart health could be intractable based on the results of being set up under the stress of exercise versus when resting.Methods relegate The subject participating in this science lab was a college aged (18-25 years) male enrolled in KIN 375. The participant was healthy, exercised regularly, and did not deal any history of hea rt problems. Equipment The equipment employ in this lab included alcoholic drink prep wipes, 10 electrodes and wires, a information processing system to find out the EKG with paper to sucker EKG strips, a head, a treadmill, and a seasonr. Procedures The first step was to remove the subjects shirt.Next, all of the areas where electrodes were going to be fixed were cleaned with an alcohol prep wipe. erstwhile these areas were dry, electrodes were placed in their proper places whizz electrode per limb and six on the torso. The electrodes for the left (LA) and remediate (RA) upper limbs were placed beneficial under the clavicles near the shoulders. The electrodes for the left (LL) and right (RL) lower limbs were placed at the cannon line just above apiece limb. For the torso, electrode 1(V1) was placed in the fourth musculus intercostal muscle muscleis put to the right of the subjects sternum.Electrode 2 (V2) was also placed in the fourth intercostal space still to th e left of the subjects sternum. Next, electrode 4 (V4) was placed in the fifth intercostal space on the midclavicular line. Then, electrode 3 (V3) was placed center(a) in the midst of V2 and V4. Next, the sixth electrode (V6) was placed in the fifth intercostal space on the midaxillary line. Lastly, the fifth electrode (V5) was placed halfway between V4 and V6 in the fifth intercostal space. The subject sat on the chair without contemptible for three minutes to generate a resting EKG.Then, the subject walked 2 mph on the treadmill with a 7. 0% incline for five minutes. This generated an exercising EKG. Lastly, the subject sat on the chair without moving for three minutes to generate a recovery EKG. Results The subject successfully established all three EKG recordings. The resting and recovery EKG readings were very easy to read whereas, the exercising EKG had a plenty of artifact that made it difficult to read. artifact is something that is not heart made and ordinarily com es from movement.The exercising EKG also had the nigh QRS complexes due to the fact that the subjects heart rate was the highest while exercising. discussion As previously stated, an EKG measures the electrical currents of the heart. There are different quakes shown on an EKG. Each pother is represented by a letter. The first small turn over is cognize as the P roll out. The P wave represents atrial depolarization and contraction. The contiguous wave is sparsely negative and it is cognize as the Q wave. The Q wave initiates depolarization of the ventricles.The close wave, which is the large incontrovertible spike in the wave, is know as the R wave. The R wave represents ventricular depolarization and contraction. The close wave is slightly negative and it is known as the S wave. The S wave represents the negative wave of ventricular depolarization. The at last wave is slightly larger than the P wave and it is known as the T wave. It represents ventricular repolarizatio n and relaxation. Since there are three waves that represent ventricular depolarization, they are make water into what is known as the QRS complex.The section of the EKG from the spring of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex represents the ventricular fill time and is known as the PR interval. ventricular systole, or contraction, is shown by the start of the Q wave to the start of the T wave and is known as the QT interval. Lastly, from the end of the S wave to the start of the T wave, ventricular repolarization is unremarkably isoelectric (on the baseline) and is represented by the ST segment. Any slight changes from normal sinus rhythm in any of these waves could indicate a heart problem.Electrodes were used to measure the electrical current in the heart. The forms from each electrode to another created a lead. Lead I was the path between RA and LA. Lead II was the path between RA and LL. Lead cardinal was the path between LA and LL. The ground electrode was RL. A n EKG wave read authoritative when the current travel toward a positive electrode and it read negative when the current moved toward the negative electrode. At rest, the EKG was frequently cleaner (less artifact) and the P waves, QRS complexes, and T waves were such(prenominal)(prenominal) easier to send.During exercise, however, these waveforms were much more difficult to identify because of the large amount of artifact. Compared to at rest, the waveforms were much steeper and quicker which indicated the heart rate was speeding up, contraction and filling multiplication decreased, and the contractions were much more forceful to pump the blood to the necessary tissue. There were a couple factors that could do hindered a completely accurate EKG reading such as, cheap electrodes, movement of wires, and the placement of electrodes.All of these factors could have affected the EKG reading to cause extra artifact or inexact readings of the electrical current. Conclusion Every ye ar, hundreds of thousands of people die from heart problems. Many of these heart problems could be detected if the individuals had received an EKG. An EKG measures the electrical currents of the heart and shows when there are defects or blocks by the change in waveform. If more people were able to have an EKG when the problems arose, then maybe more lives would have been saved.